The drivers mostly said that they couldn't tell any difference with the change of the shape in the underpanel. "It looks scary when you see there's not one on it," Logano said. That change, though, could make the cars incredibly unstable and also impact the speeds enough where it impacts brake cooling, which also is a key element for the cars on short tracks and road courses. "I think maybe you can take the whole thing off possibly and be OK."Ī 2-inch spoiler is about as low as NASCAR could go at the moment unless it goes with no spoiler. It made us move up a little bit, which made us a little bit more racy. "It made us slide around a little bit more on the racetrack. "It seemed like the smaller spoiler, directionally, helped," defending Cup champion Joey Logano said after testing the 2.5-inch spoiler. The cars were hard to drive, but it didn't appear to give the cars more of an ability to pass. NASCAR initially planned to only test a spoiler of 2.5 inches, but drivers asked to see what would happen at 2 inches. The idea was that with reduced rear downforce, drivers will have a little more difficulty controlling the car, plus there will be less turbulent air hitting the front of the car that it could make it easier to pass. NASCAR also tested a new underpanel for the car and reduced the rear spoiler from 4 inches to 2.5 inches and then 2 inches. "We got some feedback that we need to keep working on the temperature in the cockpit. "The sound reduction was in the order of what we expected. "Overall pretty happy with what we had," said NASCAR Vice President of Vehicle Development Eric Jacuzzi. NASCAR had hoped to reduce the decibel level by six to 10 decibels. While NASCAR is committed to using mufflers for the Clash and Chicago, many in the industry believe that if fans approve of the sound level and the heat issues are addressed, the mufflers could be added for short tracks, where the noise often keeps fans from even talking to the person sitting beside them during the entire event.
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“ offers a fantastic (and free) learn-to-read method based on numerous studies and educational research. *Pass it forward! Subscribers gain access to hundreds of additional activities and support the free sections for others to enjoy. Whether a free user or subscriber, you won’t see any ads. All of the basics for learning how to read are available to everyone. Starfall's systematic approach was created by experienced educators using time-tested instructional methods. We create opportunities for children to learn for free or at a low cost. Clients get the care they expect, when they expect it, and at the right cost. Description The Starfall Education Foundation is a 501 (c) (3) public charity (3). *Research based, teacher tested, child approved. AsuraScan Manhwatop Manga Reader - Comics & Novels is the perfect app for. *More - Holiday Activities, Nursery Rhymes, Sing-Alongs, Interactive Calendar Join Starfall to access our full library. *Math - Numbers, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Geometry and Measurement, Fractions Product features Educational Games Math Songs Reading Product description Children love learning with fun games and activities on Starfall Popular subjects include reading, math, songs, fiction and nonfiction stories, and more Featured free content is available for pre-k through third grade. *Reading (phonics, fluency, grammar) - ABCs, Learn to Read, I’m Reading, Talking Library, Punctuation, Parts of Speech Starfall's playful open format intuitively guides children through sequential learning objectives for reading, math, art, music, and social subjects like kindness and caring. Join Zac the Rat and his friends on an exciting learning journey, starting with the ABCs and 123s and advancing up to grade 3 grammar and mathematics. Read, learn, and play with fun activities, games, and songs on Starfall! Covers reading, math, music, and more - preschool to third grade. If you have a second, please have a look at sibling Manyland if you want, the starting area is infinite in all directions. > Its usually much easier to start by finding a nice location in the wilderness and building or levelling on the bumpy terrain just to get started. It is where you will be spending most of your time when trying to understand how the game works. Too many land relatively harmlessly in gloves or gaps. It gets better at evening time US, and hopefully once VR truly becomes mainstream, any time of the day! The manyland.js file contains all of the source code for Manyland. Granted, not as funny as the Vikings having to play a 'home game' in Detroit. An adventure game that mixes rail shooter elements into a world of sand. Welcome to Manyland, an open universe we invent and live together Manyland is a 2d sandbox browser MMO game. One I suppose obvious feedback though is then that despite cool areas, it can feel a bit lonely, which is definitely true in European mornings. guys how do i kill people in this game i use a gun but it hits them and nothing happens. So to be more specific, it's Blank Canvas -> I'll build here now to improve -or- I leave and visit Great Areas. 1v1 Lol Unblocked Games 76 Funny Games Lol Play Lol Multiplayer Games Unblocked 77 An amazing dragon is waiting for you to fly with him in a fight against other dragons or AI characters that shoot from the ground be prepared to attack with powerful fireballs fly over the buildings and spread the dragons fire breath all over your. In either case, most people do then go on and visit other areas (there's many impressive ones), we measure those "achievements" (and turn them into anonymized "newborn story" comic books, where each achievement is one panel). It also makes for a very interesting start. In 2D sibling Manyland, the spawn point is an "everybody edits" area ( Green Mountain), and then you can walk 100 steps into any direction to instantly start building (whereas the center building is reserved to those who upranked). Our top priority always is all of your happiness! We’ll refuse to go compromised “pay to win” routes… let us show the world we can have a universe that’s both sustainable and makes all of us proud! Over 100 million blocks have been placed by all of us already, but we’re waiting for one more person: you.Well, I definitely see your point! In fact it's a close call for us - the choice between "blank canvas" area or say an impressive nature scene and so on. We play an online game called Manyland where we can meet up, chat, draw, and build together, along with Animal Crossing on our 3DSes that he bought for. My character is only level 3, and as a result, I can't build or delete within a 100 cell radius of the center of any public worlds. In building one construction, I ran into a problem. I was playing around in Manyland, having found myself very addicted. We’re two indie developers and this is our labor of love. Don't try to hack Manyland if you really enjoy playing it. “The most exciting game I’ve played so far mainly because of its freedom to shape your world.” -Cosminĭraw, build, make music, party, go swim, script interacting objects and adventures, do sports, come up with puzzles, play, explore… Manyland is an open universe with no predefined story, theme or goal… it becomes what we will make of it!Įvery pixel you see in Manyland is created by all of us together as a community. “Exploring the world is a blast” -Massively Such a variety of things in this world to do, including things like player-made roller coasters that take you for a ride' -Joshua C ' Fantastic' -Maria De Padua ' The only downside is that. Such a variety of things in this world to do” -Joshua C. Welcome to Manyland, an open universe we invent and live together ' A WONDERFUL game, so fun to explore, build, interact, and create ART. “WONDERFUL … so fun to explore, build, interact, and create ART. ABOUT THIS GAME Welcome to Manyland, an open universe we invent and live together! In an infinite world of abundance, we create new things by drawing them, build new places, hang out and chat, collect, make music, party, script objects, go on adventures… and have fun together in ways none of us can predict. Download: Manyland APK (Game) - Latest Version: 1.0 - Updated: 2023 - com.manyland - Philipp Lenssen - Free - Mobile Game for Android. Select a website that is listed as using cookies, then click Remove. Under Privacy and security, click Cookies and other site data.ĭone, you have enabled cookies in Chrome on your Macbook.ĬookieScript Consent Management Platform can help you to manage cookies at your website and to be privacy laws compliant. Click the Privacy tab and select Manage Website Data.At the bottom of Safaris settings screen, Select Clear cookies and data or Clear. Click the Chrome menu button, found at the top-left corner of the web page, and then click Preferences. To clear cache and cookies: From the home screen, Select Settings > Safari.To enable cookies in the Chrome web browser on a Macbook, perform the following steps: How to enable cookies in Chrome on Macbook? Click the Remove All Website Data button to. Leave unchecked the Block all cookies tab.ĭone, you have enabled cookies in Safari on your Macbook. Select Preferences from the Safari menu or hold down the Command key and the comma key at the same time (Command+,).Click the Safari menu button, found at the top-left corner of the web page, and then click Preferences.To enable cookies in Safari on a Macbook, perform the following steps: How to enable cookies in Safari on Macbook? To manage cookies on Safari, go to Safari > Preferences > Privacy, and then click the Manage Website Data button. The first guide explains how to enable cookies in the Safari web browser on your Mac, while the second one is how to enable cookies in the Chrome web browser on your Mac. Please read the guides on how to enable cookies on your Macbook. Labor costs for AC compressor installation are about $300 to $900 total and cover diagnostic fees, travel, and the replacement itself. Labor charges vary from community to community, but in general, HVAC service costs between $75 to $150 per hour. The following are some of the most common AC unit brands and air compressor prices from those brands. If the AC unit is still under warranty, a brand-specific compressor will likely be installed. Some of the best air conditioner brands accept generic compressors. If the technician suggests using a generic replacement, this could result in savings of up to $200. In many cases, the replacement compressor does not have to be brand-specific. More modern HVAC systems have been upgraded to use EPA-approved chemicals, but they may still be referred to by these terms. Refrigerant, also called freon, is notoriously hazardous to the environment. This cost will probably only apply if the old system sprang a leak. Unit TypeĪ new replacement compressor may come precharged with liquid refrigerant, but if the HVAC professional needs to add refrigerant to the unit or fill it from an empty state, homeowners can expect to pay an additional $100 to $350. In some cases it may be more cost-effective to replace the HVAC rather than the compressor alone. The type of AC unit will also impact compressor replacement cost. The cost of AC unit repairs can vary depending on whether the home has a small window AC unit or a central HVAC. Compressor types will be covered in more detail below. The old compressor can be replaced with one of the same type, or this can be an opportunity to upgrade. The larger the unit, the less (per BTU) the new compressor will cost.ĪC compressors come in five basic types: centrifugal, scroll, reciprocating, rotary, and screw. A 1.5-ton compressor may cost $700 to $1,300 to replace, while a 5-ton compressor would cost $1,800 to $2,600.Ī compressor’s BTU rating denotes how much energy the AC unit uses to cool the home within 1 hour. The larger the compressor, the higher the initial replacement cost. Compressor Size and SpeedīTU and tonnage determine an AC compressor’s size. The larger the AC unit, the larger and more expensive the AC compressor replacement will be. For example, a 1,500-square-foot home needs 30,000 BTUs to cool the space, whereas a 2,500-square-foot home needs 50,000 BTUs. British thermal units, or BTUs, are a common unit of measurement for AC unit sizes. The size of the unit will then determine the size of the AC compressor that is required. Home size will dictate what size AC unit is needed to cool the entire house. However, the final cost will depend on the size of the system, the type and brand, and the going rate of labor in the community. Factors in Calculating AC Compressor CostĪ home AC compressor replacement costs about $1,200 nationally. If the compressor can’t be repaired, it will have to be replaced, and only an HVAC professional can make that call. These can include faulty electrical components, insufficient liquid refrigerant, leaking refrigerant, or the compressor’s motor failure. Numerous things can result in an AC compressor not turning on, struggling to keep up, or making excessive noise. A fan blows the now-cool air through the home’s vents. This results in the refrigerant drawing heat out of warm air, which cools the air. The compressor in an air conditioner pumps liquid refrigerant through the appliance’s coils and condenser unit, keeping the refrigerant under pressure while forcing it through the coils. Conor is obsessed with this loss and can't deal with how much greater Khabib is than him." Another advised that "when it comes to roasting I don't think f*****g with Joe is a good idea." Many Twitter users were quick to lambast McGregor for his outburst as one wrote: "This was four years ago and Conor still can't get over it. Joe Rogan caught flak for interviewing Conor McGregor moments after he suffered a broken leg at UFC 264 (Image: Zuffa LLC)ĭo you think Conor McGregor will fight in the UFC again? Let us know in the comments section. "That’s smashed up pal," wrote the 34-year-old. In another address to Rogan, McGregor tweeted a picture of Cerrone's battered face following their bout. The Irishman returned to the Octagon in a dominant 40-second TKO win over Donald Cerrone in January 2020, then went on to lose back-to-back bouts against Dustin Poirier the following year. The tirade was oddly timed considering the fight occurred a little more than four years ago, with McGregor having fought three more times in the UFC. What are you talking about, 'smash this and smash that?' What was smashed was my knee into his f*****g eye socket, yeah? S**t. “'That was an illegal knee on the head of a grounded opponent,'" mocked McGregor in a Twitter voice upload. READ MORE: Conor McGregor sued by teammate who claims he came up with idea for whiskey brand Rogan called out the 'illegal' move-which went unpunished by Herb Dean-and disagreed with co-commentator Dominick Cruz's suggestion he was 'gassing' Khabib, insisting McGregor was "getting smashed." Posting a clip from his submission loss to Nurmagomedov at UFC 229, McGregor christened one of his moves 'the springbok knee' after catching his foe in the head while he was being mounted. McGregor, 34, has been busy filming the Roadhouse remake and hasn't fought since fracturing his leg in a July 2021 defeat to Dustin Poirier. 'The Notorious' embarked on a Twitter rant lasting four hours on Wednesday night, taunting his old nemesis before teasing a future bout against Paddy Pimblett. The UFC 269 main card streams on ESPN+ pay-per-view.Ĭormier will be on the call for Cruz’s fight.UFC commentator Joe Rogan is the latest target to enter Conor McGregor's sights for remarks he made during the Irishman's 2018 defeat to Khabib Nurmagomedov. The fight will air on ESPN and stream on ESPN+. I’m in there to support the athletes and talk about why they’re great and what makes them great, and in order to do that I need to watch film.”Ĭruz, 36, returns to the cage Saturday on the UFC 269 prelims against Pedro Munhoz at T-Mobile Arena, looking to close out the year 2-0. I’m not in there talking to hear myself talk and to be right. “The reason I do the film study is (because) it’s bigger than me. I think certain people watch the film, and I count that because I do the film study. I think (Michael) Bisping does a lot of homework. It’s all perspective in there,” Cruz said. There’s a roster of 400, 600 fighters, and not everybody’s agree with what I say either. Sean O'Malley: Dominick Cruz's ego has to hurt for being on UFC 269 prelimsĬruz later explained why it’s important for him to spend time studying film of the fights that he calls. But I’m not gonna hold my breath on that, that’s for sure.” I’m hoping he watches some film this time on my fight so he knows what I’m doing and why I’m doing it. He doesn’t do the preparation from my experience. And I think he cares about us, but it’s just different. He wants to get in and out, get the job done, make his money. “I love DC, he’s my friend, but to me, from my experience, he doesn’t do the homework. “When it comes to DC, I usually mute it,” Cruz continued with a smirk. He leads us in the broadcast with how he talks.” “People have no idea how much homework he has to do to be prepared for that, and the most kudos goes to him. “I watch Anik do so much homework leading up to a fight,” Cruz told reporters, including MMA Junkie, at the UFC Apex. And while Cruz took the opportunity to rave about play-by-play commentator Jon Anik, he also roasted Cormier. On Wednesday at UFC 269 media day, Cruz was asked about what the experience is like when he listens back to Daniel Cormier and other colleagues who call his fights. The same can’t be said for another fellow former UFC champion who sometimes joins him on the desk – at least according to Cruz. LAS VEGAS – Dominick Cruz isn’t perfect as a UFC cageside analyst, and he admits that, but he doesn’t skimp on preparation for each card he works. Working with the element of Earth in your rituals or meditations can enhance your connection with Mammon and assist in manifesting your financial goals.Īstrological Sign Assigned to Demon MammonĮach demon is often associated with a particular astrological sign, further emphasizing their unique attributes. Earth's grounding energy aligns with Mammon's ability to manifest abundance in the physical realm. The elemental connection of Mammon is linked to Earth, representing stability and material wealth. By incorporating gold into your rituals or talismans associated with Mammon, you can amplify your intentions to attract prosperity and financial success. Gold has long been revered for its value and symbolizes wealth, luxury, and power. In the case of Mammon, it is commonly associated with gold. In the realm of demons, each entity often has an affinity for specific metals. This alignment suggests that working with Mammon can potentially unlock financial opportunities and prosperity. As the ruler of discipline, wealth, and material possessions, Saturn's influence resonates with Mammon's role as a demon associated with wealth and abundance. Mammon is said to have a profound connection with the planet Saturn. When exploring the aspects of Mammon, understanding its planetary association is crucial. Prepare to unlock the secrets and gain a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of Mammon. The Most Powerful Mammon AmuletsĪre you intrigued by the enigmatic world of demons and their fascinating aspects? Look no further! In this article, we delve into the depths of demon Mammon, shedding light on its planetary influence, elemental connection, astrological significance, offerings it favors, and its relationship with other demons. With dedication and practice, you can achieve financial prosperity and success. Follow these steps to summon Mammon and harness his positive powers. If you're interested in summoning Mammon, the demon of wealth and greed, you can use the Grimoire of World of Amulets to do so. In conclusion, summoning demons can be a powerful way to harness their energy and achieve your goals. Express your gratitude to Mammon and ask him to continue to bless you with financial prosperity. Once you've made your sacrifice, it's time to thank Mammon for his blessings. The sacrifice is a symbol of your willingness to give something up in order to receive Mammon's blessings. This sacrifice can be anything from a small amount of money to a valuable possession. Speak the incantation clearly and with conviction, focusing your energy on the words.Īfter you've recited the incantation, it's time to offer a sacrifice to Mammon. The incantation is a powerful spell that will call upon Mammon and invite him into your life. Once you've prepared the ritual space, it's time to recite the incantation that will summon Mammon. Light candles and burn incense to create a mystical atmosphere. Choose a quiet, dark room where you won't be disturbed. Here's how you can use the grimoire to summon Mammon:īefore you begin the ritual, you'll need to prepare the space where you'll be summoning Mammon. This grimoire is a powerful tool that can help you summon demons and harness their power. If you're interested in summoning Mammon, you'll need to use the Grimoire of World of Amulets. While Mammon is often associated with negative qualities, such as greed and avarice, he can also be called upon to provide positive benefits. Mammon is a demon of wealth and greed, and he is said to be able to provide financial prosperity to those who summon him. Sedum Cherry Tart is very easy to propagate either by stem cuttings orĭivision. Ground around affected plants may discourage these gastropods. Crushed eggshells and/or diatomaceous earth sprinkled on the Reduce watering to make the environment less welcoming to slugsĪnd snails. Thin plants to reduce hiding places and improve airĬirculation. Outdoors, encourage natural predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings. Use anĪppropriate pesticide to deal with mealybugs and scale insects indoors. Sure to give your plants plenty of space to grow and spread. As with all succulents, overwatering, overcrowding and lack of goodĪir circulation can lead to root and stem rot. If over watered or overcrowded, the plant may be subject to infestationīy scale insects and/or mealybugs. Cutting back the plantsĪfter they are done flowering can help to maintain their shape and encourage Sunlight both can cause the plants to get a bit leggy. Kind of covering as soon as the temperature warms.Ĭherry Tart Stonecrop don't need deadheading (removing spent blooms),Īnd they often look good even into winter. Temperatures don't allow plastic to touch the plants, however. Plastic or bed sheets over the plants can protect them from sudden freezing These plants especially during the short days, lower light levels, and coolerĬovering the plant with a layer of straw or placing a tent made from Chemical fertilizer canĬare needs to be taken to avoid overwatering and over-fertilizing any of Will generally be enough to give your plant a boost. If you have very poor soil, mixing some compost into it In fact, if the soil is too rich, this can cause Sedum Cherry Tart typically needs no supplemental fertilization and can In winter, water just enough to keep your plants Avoid wetting the leaves, stems,Īnd flowers when watering. The least, shouldn’t need any extra watering. Supplemental water for the first couple of weeks to establish roots.Įstablished plants, as long as your area gets rain every couple of weeks at Water thoroughlyĪnd wait for the soil to dry out before watering again. Theyĭo their best with regular watering from spring through fall. Spring is the best time toĬherry Tart Stonecrop are drought-tolerant but do need some water. Out to a larger container to hold the plant better. Repot your plants when they outgrow their current pot by moving them The plant in containers do require little more care than those in When the soil retains too much water, as is often the case with a heavy wetĬlay soil, this can easily lead to root rot for the plant. Unglazed clay or terraĬotta containers dry out more quickly than glazed pottery or plastic pots. Loamy, sandy, or gravelly soil with sharp drainage. Sedum Cherry Tart can grow in pot, container or in garden with loose Growing the plant in containers so you can move them indoors for protection That are borderline resistant to freezing temperatures, or if you live in anĪrea where the temperature frequently drops below freezing, then consider When the temperature dropīelow 10 ☌ the plant start to go dormant. The plant can tolerate freezing temperature. High temperaturesĪnd high humidity can create a lot of disease issues, so stay on the lookout. Temperature of 38 ☌ can still produce good quality plants. However, the hot days of summer will not be a problem and the Night temperatures of above 13 ☌ and day time temperature must be at leastġ8-21 ☌. © UC Davis Arboretum and Public Garden | CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Temperature:Ĭherry Tart Stonecrop can grow in USDA zone 4-9. Low light levels can be offset with dry soil conditions, but only The plant require high light toĭevelop strong leaf coloration and will stretch badly under low lightĬonditions. The higher theīetter in most cases, a minimum of 50000 lux. Sedum Cherry Tart will tolerate partial shade (not full shade), but doīest in full sun (6 or more hours of direct sun per day). Only then can you decide on the cultural methods Much time you have to devote to their care, and many other factors, will need Your physical location where you grow your plants, how SEDUM CHERRY TART - CHERRY TART STONECROP CARE AND CULTUREĬultural information should only be used as a guide, and should be to beĪdapted to suit you. The flowers are dark pink in color with light pinkīuds and are held on the oval, 5 to 10 cm long, purple peduncle. Long, slightly rounded cymes inflorescences with about 90 flowers per branchĪnd 500 flowers per stem. Serrated margin, slightly glandular and slightly glaucous, 1.9 cm long by 1.2Ĭm wide, greyed-green becoming flushed with deep red color as they mature.Ĭherry Tart Stonecrop blooms in summer to autumn from the dense, 12 cm The leaves are ovate, cordate base, broadly acute apex, entire with slight Light green blend with purple, glabrous, basal or near-basal branching habit. Spread with compact, mounded plant habit. It is an evergreen perennial herb which reaching 15 cm tall by 45 cm As this neighbor begins to move, the spring attaching this neighbor to its neighbor begins to stretch and apply a force on its adjacent neighbor. As one particle moves, the spring connecting it to the next particle begins to stretch and apply a force to its adjacent neighbor. The medium can be pictured as a series of particles connected by springs. Subsequently, the disturbance travels through the medium. This process continues in consecutive fashion, with each individual particle acting to displace the adjacent particle. As the third coil becomes displaced, it begins to push or pull on the fourth coil. As the second coil becomes displaced, it begins to push or pull on the third coil the push or pull on the third coil displaces it from its equilibrium position. The first coil becomes disturbed and begins to push or pull on the second coil this push or pull on the second coil will displace the second coil from its equilibrium position. And in the case of a stadium wave, the particles or interacting parts of the medium are the fans in the stadium.Ĭonsider the presence of a wave in a slinky. In the case of a sound wave in air, the particles or interacting parts of the medium are the individual molecules of air. In the case of the slinky wave, the particles or interacting parts of the medium are the individual coils of the slinky. The interactions of one particle of the medium with the next adjacent particle allow the disturbance to travel through the medium. In other words, the medium is composed of parts that are capable of interacting with each other. To fully understand the nature of a wave, it is important to consider the medium as a collection of interacting particles. And in the case of the stadium wave, the medium through which the stadium wave travels is the fans that are in the stadium. In the case of a sound wave moving from the church choir to the pews, the medium through which the sound wave travels is the air in the room. In the case of a water wave in the ocean, the medium through which the wave travels is the ocean water. In the case of our slinky wave, the medium through that the wave travels is the slinky coils. The wave medium is not the wave and it doesn't make the wave it merely carries or transports the wave from its source to other locations. In a similar manner, a wave medium is the substance that carries a wave (or disturbance) from one location to another. The news media is merely the thing that carries the news from its source to various locations. The media doesn't make the news and the media isn't the same as the news. The news media refers to the various institutions (newspaper offices, television stations, radio stations, etc.) within our society that carry the news from one location to another. You have perhaps heard of the phrase news media. The repeating and periodic disturbance that moves through a medium from one location to another is referred to as a wave.īut what is meant by the word medium? A medium is a substance or material that carries the wave. However, if the first coil of the slinky is continuously and periodically vibrated in a back-and-forth manner, we would observe a repeating disturbance moving within the slinky that endures over some prolonged period of time. A pulse is a single disturbance moving through a medium from one location to another location. If the first coil of the slinky is given a single back-and-forth vibration, then we call the observed motion of the disturbance through the slinky a slinky pulse. We can then observe this disturbance moving through the slinky from one end to the other. The act of moving the first coil of the slinky in a given direction and then returning it to its equilibrium position creates a disturbance in the slinky. The particle might be moved upwards or downwards, forwards or backwards but once moved, it is returned to its original equilibrium or rest position. To introduce a wave into the slinky, the first particle is displaced or moved from its equilibrium or rest position. The coils of the slinky naturally assume this position, spaced equally far apart. When the slinky is stretched from end to end and is held at rest, it assumes a natural position known as the equilibrium or rest position. Consider a slinky wave as an example of a wave. But what makes a wave a wave? What characteristics, properties, or behaviors are shared by the phenomena that we typically characterize as being a wave? How can waves be described in a manner that allows us to understand their basic nature and qualities?Ī wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location. Meta-analysis of four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for early life obesity prevention in Australia and New Zealand found a significant reduction of child body mass index (BMI) z-score and improvements in selected behaviours at age 18–24 months. However, cultural minority populations are largely underrepresented. In recent years, research interventions to support healthy early life behaviours have increased, with many targeting individual-level behaviours of parents and infants in high-income countries. Cultural feeding practices and traditional foods can be protective of obesity development. Structural and environmental factors also play a role. Cultural beliefs, practices and acculturation after migration can contribute to differences in childhood obesity prevalence. ĭiverse ethnic and cultural minority populations experience higher childhood obesity prevalence rates and show differences in early life behavioural risk factors. Childhood obesity rates are increasing globally, with multiple early risk factors identified, including maternal characteristics and modifiable behaviours. This critical period for childhood obesity prevention is a global priority for establishing lifelong health. Nutrition and physical activity in the first 2000 days of a child’s life - from conception until 5 years - are important predictors of healthy weight during childhood and later life. This work will inform the future cultural adaptation stages: testing, refining, and trialling the culturally adapted Healthy Beginnings program to assess acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness. This cultural adaptation of Healthy Beginnings followed an established process model and resulted in a program with enhanced relevance and accessibility among Arabic and Chinese speaking migrant mothers. Based on the literature and local study findings, cultural adaptations were made to recruitment approaches, staffing (bi-cultural nurses and project staff) and program content (modified call scripts and culturally adapted written health promotion materials). Qualitative analysis of focus group and interview data resulted in descriptive themes concerning cultural practices and beliefs related to infant obesity-related behaviours and perceptions of child weight among Arabic and Chinese speaking mothers. staged nurse calls with key program messages addressing modifiable obesity-related behaviours: infant feeding, active play, sedentary behaviours and sleep). Program structure and delivery mode were retained to preserve fidelity (i.e. With input from project partners, bi-cultural staff and community organisations, findings informed cultural adaptations to the content and delivery features of the Healthy Beginnings program. Consultations included focus groups with 24 Arabic and 22 Chinese speaking migrant mothers and interviews with 20 health professionals. To inform adaptations, we reviewed the scientific literature and engaged stakeholders. We first established the adaptation rationale, then considered program underpinnings and the core components for effectiveness. The cultural adaptation process followed the Stages of Cultural Adaptation theoretical model and is reported using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced. This paper describes the initial process of culturally adapting Healthy Beginnings, an evidence-based early childhood obesity prevention program, for Arabic and Chinese speaking migrant mothers and infants in Sydney, Australia. Cultural adaptation is an emerging strategy for implementing evidence-based interventions among different populations and regions. Behavioural interventions for the early prevention of childhood obesity mostly focus on English-speaking populations in high-income countries. |
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